• Kishan Shenoi - CTO, Qulsar

With the advent of 5G, not only is the need for more base-stations/access-points increasing, the density and location of deployments is getting more complicated. The synchronization requirements are getting stricter and the number of indoor installations, where GNSS signals are weak or unavailable, is increasing. The solution is likely to be based on hybrid clocks using packet-based methods with physical-layer assist. In this presentation we discuss a simulation approach to evaluate the quality of synchronization. The quality of synchronization is quantified by metrics such as TDEV, MTIE and max|TE|. The approach is to model the transfer of synchronization by transfer function and model additive clock noise as power-law random processes described by their power spectral density. In particular, the simulation method is used to establish parameters of end-point clocks that are not directly constrained by existing standards for Telecom Boundary/Slave Clocks.